Demographics

Estimated national population; rounded from 237,527,782.

Share of the national population with access to electricity.

Share of the population using the internet.

Expected years of life at birth under the mortality rates of the stated year.

English is the official language, alongside hundreds of indigenous languages, including Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo.

Language, ethnicity, religion and citizenship shape overlapping forms of belonging. One person may participate in several communities and identify with the same national state.

Abuja is the federal capital; Lagos is an important coastal commercial center. Cities connect people through education, work, transport and cultural exchange.

The constitution provides routes to citizenship through birth, registration and naturalization, each with specific conditions.

Voting requires Nigerian citizenship, a minimum age of 18 and compliance with INEC’s registration and residence requirements.