National Geographic. “Nigeria.” National Geographic Kids
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UNICEF. “Climate Landscape Analysis for Children in Nigeria: Climate Action Plan for 2023–2027.” · Nov. 2023
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Encyclopedia of the Nations. “Nigeria.” Encyclopedia of the Nations
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission. “Kogi.”
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.United Nations Environment Programme. “Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland.” · 2011
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Natural Earth. “Admin 0 – Countries.”
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Natural Earth. “Rivers + Lake Centerlines.”
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Natural Earth. “Populated Places.”
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Mapzen. “Terrain Tiles.” Registry of Open Data on AWS
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Federal Republic of Nigeria. “Constitution of Nigeria, 1999 (rev. 2023).” · 2023
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Senate Committee on Constitution Review. “Constitution History.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. “Nigeria: A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. “Country Profile: Nigeria.” · July 2008
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.National Assembly of Nigeria. “The Senate.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.The State House, Abuja. “The Leadership.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Independent National Electoral Commission. “Voter Education & Guidelines: Voter FAQs.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “Nigeria: World Development Indicators.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “China: World Development Indicators.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “Mexico: World Development Indicators.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “Iran, Islamic Rep.: World Development Indicators.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “United Kingdom: World Development Indicators.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “Russian Federation: World Development Indicators.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.World Bank. “Nigeria Development Update: From Policy to People.” · Oct. 2025
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. “OPEC Celebrates Nigeria’s 50 Years of Membership.” · 12 July 2021
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.UNESCO. “Durbar in Kano.” · 2024
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Plaque with Warrior and Attendants.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Nobel Prize. “The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.” · 1986
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Klaassen, Linda, and Mila Ibrahimova. “African Film: A Booming Industry.” · 3 Jan. 2022
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Federal Ministry of Information and Culture, via UNESCO. “Bilateral Cultural Agreement.” · 2021
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Wikimedia contributors. “Jollof Rice.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Chinua Achebe.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.de Pontet, Philippe, and Willis Sparks. “The Evolving Threat of Boko Haram.” · 1 May 2013
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Coleman, Isobel, and Sigrid von Wendel. “Beating Boko Haram: Why It Attacks Schools—and How to Fight Back.” · 10 May 2014
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.United Nations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. “Security Council Briefing on the Situation in the Lake Chad Basin Region.” · 2017
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.United Nations in Nigeria. “On the First International Day to Protect Education from Attack, UN Urges Nigeria to Prioritise School Safety.” · 9 Sept. 2020
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.United Nations in Nigeria. “The United Nations in Nigeria.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Economic Community of West African States. “Creation (History).” · 1975
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.College Board. “AP Comparative Government and Politics.”
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Hadassah Photostorie group. “River Niger Bridge 2.” · 2021
Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.Mr History. “A Super Quick History of Nigeria.” YouTube
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Federal Ministry of Art, Culture, Tourism and the Creative Economy. “Music.” Federal Ministry of Art, Culture, Tourism and the Creative Economy · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation. “National Archives of Nigeria.” Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Washington, DC. “The History.” Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Washington, DC · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Washington, DC. “About Nigeria.” Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Washington, DC · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Embassy of Nigeria in Cotonou. “A Concise History of Nigeria.” Embassy of Nigeria in Cotonou · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Nok Terracottas (500 B.C.–200 A.D.).” The Metropolitan Museum of Art · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Ife (from ca. 6th Century).” The Metropolitan Museum of Art · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Igbo-Ukwu (ca. 9th Century).” The Metropolitan Museum of Art · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Oyo State Government. “History of Oyo State.” Oyo State Government · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. “Nigeria: A Country Study.” Library of Congress, Federal Research Division · 1992
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Prince Williams. “We Are Nigerians: Journey to Amalgamation.” YouTube · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Naomi Burton, Abigail Goggin, Daniel Lin, Nikhil Sehgal, and Encheng Xu. “Nigeria.” Naomi Burton, Abigail Goggin, Daniel Lin, Nikhil Sehgal, and Encheng Xu · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.Nigerian Embassy group. “The Nigerian Embassy.” Nigerian Embassy group · n.d.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2026.UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre · n.d.
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.The White House. “Remarks by President Obama and President Buhari of Nigeria Before Bilateral Meeting.” · 20 July 2015
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “Nigeria: Freedom in the World 2025.” · 2025
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Economist Intelligence Unit. “Democracy Index 2024.” · 2025
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.United Nations Development Programme. “Human Development Report 2025: Table 1, Human Development Index.” · 2025
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Transparency International. “Corruption Perceptions Index 2025.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Central Bank of Nigeria. “History of Nigerian Currency.” · n.d.
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “China: Freedom in the World 2026.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “Nigeria: Freedom in the World 2026.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “Russia: Freedom in the World 2026.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “Mexico: Freedom in the World 2026.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “Iran: Freedom in the World 2026.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Freedom House. “United Kingdom: Freedom in the World 2026.” · 2026
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. “Nigeria: Humanitarian Needs Overview 2024.” · 2024
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.Natural Earth. “Admin 1 – States, Provinces.” · version 5.1.1
Accessed 3 Oct. 2026.
Idanre Hills · southwestern Nigeria
The_AyeniPaul · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 9 July 2017License & file details
Idanre hills.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Idanre, Ondo State, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Abuja · view from Katampe Hill
Ogundele1 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2024-09-13License & file details
Katampe Hill Abuja.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Katampe Hill, Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Samuel Ayenajeh · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2018-09-22
License & file details
Shere Hills Jos Plateau.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Shere Hills, Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Mbe Mountains · Cross River State
Dotun55 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2021-06-11License & file details
View from Mbe mountains.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Mbe Mountains, Cross River State, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Niger–Benue confluence · Lokoja
Samlokoja · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 5 June 2021License & file details
View of River Niger and River Venue from the top of Mount Patti in Lokoja (Confluence city).jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Mount Patti view of Niger–Benue confluence, Lokoja, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Hadassah Photostorie group · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 17 March 2021 (according to Exif data)
License & file details
River Niger Bridge 2.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. River Niger bridge, Onitsha, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Gwazachat · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2023-02-16
License & file details
Savanna vegetation.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria; exact site not recorded. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Kenogenic · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2019-09-23
License & file details
Rainforest in the south of Nigeria 1.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Adedotun Ajibade (Dotun55) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2020-02-18
License & file details
Through Epe Mangrove.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria; outside Ogoniland. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Atlantic coast · Lekki Beach, Lagos
PelumiK · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2015-05-29License & file details
Lekki Beach in Lagos.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lekki Beach, Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Clara Sanchiz · CC BY-SA 2.0 · 2015-02-28
License & file details
Lagos skyline.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 30 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
People walking through Tejuoso Market in Lagos
Biggiepopa · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2018-04-20License & file details
People walking in Tejuoso market Lagos.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Tejuoso Market, Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 30 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Quadrex24 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2017-05-14
License & file details
Apapa port.lagos.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Apapa Port, Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 30 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Ibibio cultural dancers in traditional clothing
Phina001 · CC BY 4.0 · 2026-04-23License & file details
Ibibio cultural dancers performing in traditional attire during a cultural festival in Nigeria.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Ibibio cultural performance, Nigeria; exact venue not recorded. Accessed 30 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Nigeria's National Assembly building in Abuja
Kabusa16 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2018-05-15License & file details
National Assembly Building, Abuja, Nigeria.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. National Assembly, Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 30 Sept. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Sailko · CC BY-SA 3.0 · 2011-11-10
License & file details
Benin Kingdom plaque, c. 1500–1700. Wikimedia Commons. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK; on loan from British Museum, LOAN:BM.1070-2009. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Beendy234 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2023-07-11
License & file details
Jollof rice and meat. Wikimedia Commons. Capture location not recorded by source. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Durbar at the Emir’s Palace, Kano
Aminucrus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2024-04-11License & file details
Durbar at the Emir’s Palace, Kano. Wikimedia Commons. Emir’s Palace, Kano, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Chinua Achebe speaking in Buffalo, 2008
Stuart C. Shapiro · CC BY 3.0 · 2008-09-25License & file details
Chinua Achebe speaking in Buffalo, 2008. Wikimedia Commons. Buffalo, New York, USA. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized (maximum width 1100 px), compressed and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Horsemen at the Kano Durbar, September 2016.
DonCamillo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2016-09-13License & file details
Horsemen during the September 2016 Durbar in Kano - 1.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Kano, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized to fit 1200×1000 pixels and compressed as WebP. No scene content altered. License terms.
Mile 2 rail and bus station, Lagos, Nigeria · 27 April 2022.
FrankvEck · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2022-04-27License & file details
Mile2station-best.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Mile 2 station, Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized to fit 1200×1000 pixels and compressed as WebP. No scene content altered. License terms.
Young cassava plants · Akwa Ibom, Nigeria · 17 April 2024.
Andikan Efiok Eduok · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2024-04-17License & file details
Young cassava farm.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized to fit 1200×1000 pixels and compressed as WebP. No scene content altered. License terms.
Distillation equipment for the Dangote refinery project.
FrankvEck · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2022-06-13License & file details
Worlds largest crude destillation column Dangote.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Dangote refinery project, Lekki, Nigeria, as identified by source. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized to fit 1200×1000 pixels and compressed as WebP. No scene content altered. License terms.
A Nollywood film set in Awka, Nigeria; date as recorded by the photographer.
Bestvillage · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2014-10-06License & file details
A film set in Nollywood Awka.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized to fit 1200×1000 pixels and compressed as WebP. No scene content altered. License terms.
Tafawa Balewa delivering Nigeria’s independence address, 1 October 1960.
Unknown photographer · CC0 · Scene identified as 1 October 1960; digital file record dated 10 February 2024License & file details
Nigeria's Prime Minister Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa delivering his Independence Speech on October 1, 1960.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria; location not separately recorded. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized to fit 1200×1000 pixels and compressed as WebP. No scene content altered. License terms.
Nok terracotta head, c. 500 BCE–300 CE on the museum label; photographed in 2015.
Daderot · CC0 1.0 · 15 June 2015License & file details
Head, Nok people, Jos Plateau region, Nigeria, c. 500 BC to 300 AD, terracotta - Krannert Art Museum, UIUC - DSC06144.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Krannert Art Museum, Urbana-Champaign, USA. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Sultan of Sokoto’s palace, photographed in January 2012.
el-siddeeq lame · CC BY 3.0 · Taken on 8 January 2012License & file details
SULTAN OF SOKOTO'S PALACE SOKOTO NIGERIA - panoramio.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Sokoto, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
A page from the Colony of Lagos Government Gazette, 1886–1890.
Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain · 1886License & file details
Colony of Lagos Government Gazette 1886-1890.pdf. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos Colony; archival publication. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Shehu Shagari arriving for a visit at Andrews Air Force Base, 7 October 1980.
CLAWSON · Public domain · 1980-10-07License & file details
Shehu Shagari 1980-10-07.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Maryland, United States. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Government of India, Press Information Bureau · GODL-India · 1999-04-16
License & file details
The President-Elect of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, HE General Olusegun Obasanjo calling on the President of India, Shri K R Narayanan at the North Drawing Room of Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on April 16, 1999.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. New Delhi, India. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Official portrait of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, source dated 29 May 2023.
Nosa Asemota · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2023-05-29License & file details
Bola Tinubu portrait.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria; official portrait. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Zuma Rock, photographed in March 2004.
Jeff Attaway · CC BY 2.0 · 2004-03License & file details
Zuma Rock.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
A rear view of the National Museum in Lagos.
King ChristLike · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2024-12-13License & file details
National Museum, Lagos, Nigeria 02.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Abuja city gate, photographed in 2019.
Fawaz.tairou · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2019-06-23 13:37:38License & file details
Abuja city gate 2.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Oshodi–Apapa Expressway, a transport route in Lagos.
Ready Street · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2024-07-10 13:27:50License & file details
Oshodi Apapa Expressway.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Unity monument at Maryland, Lagos, photographed in 2017.
Kaizenify · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2017-12-01 04:45:34License & file details
Unity monument at Maryland, Lagos2.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Nigerian flag at the Shehu Musa Yar’Adua Centre.
Fawaz.tairou · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2019-11-08 17:26:23License & file details
Nigeria flag at Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Centre.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Power poles in Jos, photographed in 2018.
ralebipim · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2018-11-01License & file details
Power poles in Jos.png. Wikimedia Commons. Jos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Phone and computer retailers at Computer Village, Ikeja, Lagos.
Lightfast Media · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2019-07-04 14:52:30License & file details
Computer Village, Ikeja, Lagos.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
A hospital walkway in Nigeria, photographed in 2025.
Beendy234 · CC BY 4.0 · 2025-03-27 14:45:29License & file details
Walkway at a Hospital in Nigeria.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria; institution not named in source. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Voting during Nigeria’s 1999 election.
E. Happell · Public domain · Unknown dateLicense & file details
Election in Nigeria 1999.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Zouzou Wizman from Rennes, France · CC BY 2.0 · 2005-05-03 04:05
License & file details
2005 market Lagos Nigeria 12129001.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized, compressed as WebP and cropped for card display. License terms.
Traditional cultural festival in southern Nigeria.
Honeydear · CC BY 4.0 · 2026-04-21License & file details
Traditional cultural festival in southern Nigeria.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Southern Nigeria; precise location not recorded. Accessed 2 Oct. 2026. Resized, compressed as WebP and cropped for card display. License terms.
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, a living Yoruba religious landscape in southwest Nigeria.
Auskid1215 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2005-02-23License & file details
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osun State.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for card display. No scene content altered. License terms.
Goodluck Jonathan and Muhammadu Buhari at the inauguration in Abuja, 29 May 2015.
U.S. Department of State · Public domain · 2015-05-29 05:44:24License & file details
Nigerian President Jonathan Sits With President-Elect Buhari Amid His Inauguration Ceremony in Abuja.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Living quarters at a camp for internally displaced people in Maiduguri, 2 August 2018.
Ifeatu Nnaobi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2018-08-02License & file details
An IDP Camp Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Grain traders at Dawanau Market, Kano.
SMMIMAGES · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2016-10-10 11:54:42License & file details
Dawanau Market.png. Wikimedia Commons. Kano, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Stefcray · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2017-10-26 13:26:48
License & file details
Kano Grains Market (Dawanau Market).jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Kano, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Gurara Falls on the Gurara River, Niger State.
Shiraz Chakera · CC BY-SA 2.0 · 2005-09-17 13:48License & file details
Gurarafalls.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Niger State, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Federal High Court in Kaduna, a federal trial court.
Anasskoko · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2021-07-16 16:09:09License & file details
Federal High Court Kaduna 01.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Kaduna, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Central business district, Abuja.
Brogonee · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2023-07-07License & file details
Central business district, Abuja.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Official portrait of Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigeria’s first president, 1963.
Official portrait · Public domain · 1963-10-01License & file details
Nnamdi Azikiwe PC (cropped).jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Frederick Lugard, who oversaw the 1914 amalgamation; portrait published in 1894.
W. & D. Downey · Public domain · published 1894License & file details
Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Historical portrait. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Historical engraving of slave-trading compounds on the Gulf of Guinea, published in 1746.
Nathaniel Parr · Public domain · 1746License & file details
1746 slave compound Gulf of Guinea engr by Nathaniel Parr in Astley Voyages LC 92520148.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Gulf of Guinea. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Civil-war relief operations at Calabar in 1968.
CDC/ Dr. Lyle Conrad · Public domain · 1968License & file details
Calabar 1968.png. Wikimedia Commons. Calabar, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Construction workers in Lagos, photographed in 2017.
OLUWATOBILOBA · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2017-08-07 10:50:31License & file details
Construction workers in Lagos,Nigeria 01.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Lagos, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Market trading in Yobe State, December 2024.
Felloh Jaloo · CC BY 4.0 · 2024-12-19License & file details
Women's In Market In Yobe State Nigeria 71.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Yobe State, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Settlements and hills on the Mambilla Plateau, Taraba State.
Gwanki · CC0 · 2025-12-05License & file details
Settlements in Mambilla Plateau 14.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Taraba State, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
Aso Rock Presidential Villa in Abuja; source photograph dated 2025.
HK RIGASA2 · CC0 · 2025-10-27License & file details
Aso rock presidential Villa.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Abuja, Nigeria. Accessed 3 Oct. 2026. Resized and converted to WebP; cropped for display. Adaptations retain the original license. License terms.
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Map & type credits
Modern country boundaries, rivers and city positions: Natural Earth (public domain). Elevation: Mapzen Terrain Tiles; original SRTM and GMTED2010 data from USGS, ETOPO1 from NOAA. Terrain attribution.
Maps use Web Mercator. Terrain height is exaggerated 40 times; ecological colors are illustrative. The interactive terrain is loaded only on the cover and Geography. Institution diagrams explain formal constitutional relationships. Economic markers locate featured places.
Three.js 0.180.0: MIT license. Instrument Serif and DM Sans: SIL Open Font License 1.1. Three.js license · Instrument Serif license · DM Sans license.
Photograph records include authors, licenses, locations and dates. The bibliography includes the 2013 and 2014 course readings.